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i of this specification.

Leners Pacman. 77,588, daad Mey 5, 1868-.

IMPRVBMENT IN. WATER-WHEELS.

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'IO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

B e it known that I, JAMS COLLINS', of the city of'Troy,'count-y of Rensselaer, and State of New York,

have invented anew and useful Improvement in Water-Wheels and I do hereby declare 'that the followingA is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being-hereby had tothe accompanying drawings, made in two sheets, to wit, Sheet I' and Sheet II, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and making a part' y i Iiike letters represent and refer to likeor corresponding parts of my said inventionand imiprovemnt.

Figure I, Sheet I, is a perspective -view of one of the buckets of my said improved water-wheel, and having and containingr an enamelled surface or enamelledf surfaces, and each moreffullydescribed and set forth hereinafter in this specification. I* i v i j v Figure 2, Sheet I, represents a transverse section of' thefsame, and more'fully described and set forth hereinafter in this specification. j I L i I Figure 8, Sheet II, ofthe accompanyingdrawings, represents oneof'my new and improved water-wheels,

having and containing ,enamelled surfaces, for the purposes vsubstantially as herein described, set forth, 'and claimed, and which water-wheel is properly represented as hcingparranged and adjusted for work or opera-tion bymeansof the' application and power of water, and which water-wheel, thus arranged, contains my invention and` improvements herein-contained and set forth. 4

The nature of my said invention. and improvements consists in providing-all the surface or surfaces of any or 'all of that part or portion of any water-wheel exposed. to thel action, force, or power of lthe water applied thereto, to give such wheel lrevolutionary motion for the driving of machinery f or manufacturing or `otheruse's and purposes, with suitable .envamelling, ofspme suitable materiako'r compound of materials, and thus and thereby render and create smooth all such parts and surfaces, and vthereby allow thewatcr'to pass into and through such wheel with very mut-lrl less resistance, much less obstruction, and with much less friction, and thusvand vthereby requiring less -water to move or drive such wheel for the movement or operation of machinery .for manni facturing or other purposes, in the manner and by the means substantially as herein describedv and set forth.

To enable othersskilled in the art to which my said-invention 'and improvement relate to makcfc'nstruct,

use, and pnt into use the same, I will here proceed to dcscribethe construction ordetails thereof, which are substantially as follows, to wit: l

I apply in some suitable manner, and by any mechanical and convenient means, to any or all parts of metallic water-wheels, which are or may be exposed totheaction, power, or force of the water, giving motion to, the same, a silicious or vitreous'substance, whereby an extremelysmooth surface is attained or created, so as to allow the water applied to such Wheel, for the purpose of giving it power or rotating motion, or operation to machinery for manufacturing o r-'other purposes, to pass into and through such -water-wheel with a great'reducL tion of, and wit-haas little friction thereof asi-possible in the meehanicalmovements andoperations of the wheel, and it being such a reduction and prevention of friction, caused by the passageoff water through metallic water wheels of like construction, as never bad 'been gained in 'any water-wheel before known. I denominate such silicious or vitreous substance, applied to metallic water-wheels substantially as and for the purposes aforesaid, an enamelling, that the ordinary and well-known process of enameluling,,employedJ in and for 'culinary cast-iron vessels, will answer a very goed purpose in coating or enamelling the surfaces of any metallic water-wheel, for the purposes substantially as herein contained andset forth.,I From actual tests, I find that it will notfcrack under the variag tionsiof temperature to which it may be subjected, nor will it shell or peel o from auch metallic wheels. y

I do not, as is 'already manifest, confine myself to` any precise mode or'process of orfor enamelling castmetal or metallic surfaces, but will use any mode lor process of enamelling such surfaces whichwill the better carry into full effectand operation my aforesaid invention and improvement in water-wheels.`

The bucket A, Sheet I, may be of any suitable'A metal and desired form and thickness; 'and so may it be and, in carrying out or into practical operation my aforesaid invention and improvement, -I find-- with each andevcry of the buckets contained in the' water-Wheel, seen and rcpresentediin, at, and by iig. 3, vSheet II, of the accompanying drawings. The said enamclling, lupon the surface or surfaces aforesaid of such water-wheel, is represented and shown at I?, Sheet I, ofthe accompanying drawings,"and it is not required to be of very great thickness, as it'is not'subjected to any very considerable wear in andduring the operation of such water-wheel, in the manner aforesaid. l

It is manifest that the aforesaid enamelling ofthe bucliets, and ff'other parts or portions of my said wat-crivheel, or of any other castsiron or other metallic water-wheel, and through which water passes, will veryuiaterially vand successfully reduce friction inthe passage of the water through such water-wheel, and oxidation will beprevented in each and evcryrpart of said wheel by reason of said cnarneliing in the manner aforesaid.

l The aforesaid-enamelling will als'vays p'r'cserveiaud present to the action of the water passing into arid through the water-wheel, even and perfectly smooth surfaces; and the friction being reduced and prevented, in the manner and by the means substantially as herein contained, described, and set forth, vit is evident that it willnot require as much'ivater rinY quantity to move, opcrate,'or drive such water-wheel,.and the machinery thereto attached, for the purpose of manufacturing, -or for any other purpose.`

It is much the better to enamel eachand every part, and cach and every of thc surfaces of any water wheel, co nstructed in whole or inpart of cast iron orof other metal, by the 'aforesaid enamelling, in` the inanner and for'thc purposes substantially as herein described and set forth; but it is manifest that some part, parts, or portionof metallic Water-wheels may, invivllole or in part, be enamelled in the manner as aforesaid, and thus and thereby reduceupon all such parts or portions thus enamellcd the friction, substantially as aforesaid, and which would come with-in the'force andoperatin and eifcctof my said invention and improvement in cast-iron or metallic water-Wheels'.

Having thus described the nature, construction, and operation of my said invention and 'improvement in water-wheels, what' I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent' of the United States of America, is-

A'water-wheel', in whole or in part c oated orenamclled with a silicious or vitreous substance, when having a metallic surface or surfaces, so asfto prevent oxidation, and to reduce and` lessen thc friction of thc water `upcn suchparts orly'surfaces of such \vater-wheel, as and while-the water is passing into and through such whccl, Wso asto give it rotating motion, for the lpurposes, and in the manner, substantially as herein contained, set'forth,

and described.l

In testimony whereof, I have, on this 10th day of.l September,.hcreunto set my hand.

` V JAMES'P. COLLINS.

Witnesses:

T. Nauw, S. F.. Glmconr. 

